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KMID : 1145820210040010033
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Swallowing Rehabilitation
2021 Volume.4 No. 1 p.33 ~ p.41
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Changes in the Suprahyoid Muscle Activation and Tongue Pressure according to the Degree of Head Extension
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Oh Jong-Chi
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Abstract
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This study investigated changes in the suprahyoid muscle activation levels, subjectively perceived difficulty of swallowing, and intraoral pressures during swallowing according to the degree of head extension. Twelve healthy adult women, with no swallowing problems, participated in this study. The subjects were instructed to swallow 3 mL of water in three positions (erect posture, 30°head extension, and full head extension). The maximum activation level of the suprahyoid muscle was significantly different between that in the erect posture and at 30° extension, that in the erect posture and at full extension, and that at 30°extension and at full extension. The degree of the perceived difficulty of swallowing was significantly different between that in the erect posture and at 30° extension, and between that in the erect posture and at full extension. There was no significant difference in the isometric maximum anterior/posterior pressure of the tongue according to the angle of head extension, and the maximum oral pressure during typical/effortful swallowing as compared to that during swallowing in the erect posture. As the angle of head extension increased, the load applied to the swallowing-related muscles was increased and the suprahyoid muscle activation levels were significantly increased to overcome this resistance. In this process, it was found that the intraoral pressure could be maintained without any significant change as compared to that during swallowing in the erect posture. In addition, there were no symptoms that could suspect airway aspiration or penetration in the extended head positions. Thus, it was supposed that healthy adults could sufficiently overcome the resistance imposed on the head during extension and could perform safe swallowing. This can be considered as one of the criteria for securing the safety of patients in the process of selecting candidates for head extension swallowing exercises in the future. To more comprehensively understand the physiology of swallowing in extended head postures, additional studies should be conducted in elderly patients or in those with dysphagia with reduced muscle strength related to swallowing.
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KEYWORD
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Deglutition disorders, Electromyography, Posture, Suprahyoid muscle, Tongue pressure
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